1. Switch off the big light
Nothing flattens a living room faster than a single fitting in the middle of the ceiling. It lights the route through the room, leaves the corners dark, and throws hard shadows across faces. The New York designer Andrew Suvalsky makes the point simply: a few low, warm sources give a room the depth one overhead light cannot. The lighting consultancy Lighting by Plum goes further and lights the edges of a room rather than the middle, because that is where the walls, shelves, and pictures are.
In practice, that means two or three lamps at different heights: a floor lamp beside a chair, something at table height, and a low light on a shelf or the floor. The TMM, designed by Miguel Milá in 1961, stands 166 cm high, and its parchment shade slides up and down the stem, so its light can sit at shoulder height beside a sofa or higher in a corner. Cesta, 57 cm high, works on the floor or a low table, and its hand dimmer takes it down to a glow as the evening goes on.